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　　短文寫作

　　一、基本寫作步驟

　　1.審題

　　所謂審題，就是審清作文的要求和所給的材料，如圖表說明、關鍵詞、段首句、提綱等等。

　　審題是寫作的第1步，也是文章成功的關鍵所在之一。在考試之中，由于時間倉促，心情緊張，匆忙審題，造成離題萬里的現象屢見不鮮。因此可以說能否審清題意是作文、乃至考試成敗的關鍵。在平時進行寫作練習的時候，就要有意識地養成認真審題，仔細研究的良好習慣。

　　弄清作文要求之后，就要確定文章的主題思想。主題思想明確、深刻，才能確保文章言之有物，順理成章。圍繞主題去構思、寫作文章，才能思路清晰，不致節外生枝離題萬里。

　　2.提綱

　　提綱有利于作者理清思路。尤其在考場上，根據提綱寫作，能寫出層次分明，邏輯性強，表意清晰的好文章，可避免考試時由于情緒緊張而造成的不應有的失誤。

　　提綱有多種類型，可詳可略，寫作時也可根據自己的經驗和特點編寫適合于自己的提綱。常見的提綱種類有羅列式提綱、主題式提綱、句子式提綱。所謂羅列式提綱，就是根據題目和所給材料，圍繞中心思想，羅列一系列相關的詞、短語或句子。主題式提綱比較簡略，只寫出文章的主題思想即可，寫作時依據主題思想，圍繞重點，進行擴充和展開。句子式提綱比較詳細，顧名思義，就是用句子把文章的主要觀點寫出來。

　　3.成文

　　文章的組織結構：一定要按所列提綱寫。一般分為開頭、正文、結尾 3 部分

　　(1)開頭;如引語法、主題句法、提問法、事例法、描述法等。

　　常用句式：

　　①

　　There is an old /popular saying /proverb which says /goes…..

　　②

　　Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the importance/

　　seriousness of …

　　③There are different opinions among people as to …Some believe … Others, however, disagree with it. They think…

　　④….has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

　　⑤ One of our ancient philosophers said, …..Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality.

　　(2) 主體： 要注意啟承轉合，常用句型：

　　① On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ……. They believe

　　…..Moreover, they think…..

　　② There are many ways to ….. First, _____. Second _____. Finally, ______.

　　③ Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to _____.

　　For one thing, ____. For another, ______. Finally, _______. (也可用于結尾)

　　④ Although the popular belief is a fact, a current study(survey/investigation)

　　indicates that...

　　(3) 結尾

　　總結文章的主要內容，或者提出希望或展望未來，或者對文章提出的觀點進行反問，啟發讀者思考。如：An open China has realized the

　　importance of business. Why should we give up this opportunity and rely on agriculture?

　　常用句型：

　　① From what has been discussed /mentioned above, we may conclude that…

　　② Therefore, it is not difficult to draw /come to the conclusion that….

　　③ Only in this way/ in doing so, can sth. be really ….

　　④ Given the reasons /consideration I have just outlined/ discussed/ presented, I strongly recommend that …..

　　無論是何種類型，英語(二)作文基本上是三段式作文，根據不同的類型，三段的寫法不同。 所用的模式也不同。

　　二、各類型作文的寫法和常用句型

　　(一)圖表 / 看圖作文

　　1. 寫作模式：描述圖表/圖畫-分析圖表/圖畫-總結全文(也可以展望未來或發出倡議或表明自己的態度)

　　2. 常用句型：

　　(1)表示說明的開篇句式：

　　As we can see from the chart / graph / table/ picture…

　　The chart/graph/ table displays/ illustrates/ describes/ indicates/ points out that …

　　It is clear/ apparent from the chart/ table/ graph that…

　　The figures/ statistics in the chart reflect/ show/ reveal that …

　　The table/chart /graph shows (that) …

　　According to the table/chart /graph, …

　　As is shown in the table/chart /graph, …

　　As can be seen from the table/chart/ graph/picture, …

　　It can be seen from the figures/statistics that …

　　We can see from the figures/statistics that …

　　As we can see in this picture, …

　　This picture shows that …

　　(2)描述圖表的句式：

　　A takes up/ occupies/ accounts for 20% of the total population/ output/ income/ expenditure/ consumption.

　　On the top of the list is…, which accounts for 60%.

　　On the bottom is …, which takes up 20%.

　　Compared with A, B has a higher percentage.

　　A is second to B. (A 僅次于 B。)

　　There was a very slight/ small/ slow/gradual/ steady/ marked/ large/ sharp/

　　rapid/ sudden/ dramatic rise/ increase/ drop/ decrease/ decline/ fall/ reduction in 2008.

　　The number of…declines/rises by …% from… to…

　　The number of… remains steady/ stable/ the same…

　　The price leveled off.

　　(3)表明個人觀點的句式

　　As has been shown above, we can safely say that …

　　As far as I am concerned, …To the best of my knowledge, …

　　As to me, ….

　　In my view / opinion, …

　　(4)表示總結概括的句式

　　In conclusion / In summary / In a word / In a nutshell / In brief, …

　　3. 例文：

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition

　　on the topic How Are Working People Doing Physical Exercises? You should write

　　150 words or so and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below.

　　1. 描述下列圖表所表達的信息;

　　2. 談談你對此現象的看法.

　　3.根據此現象提出建議

　　Sample writing:

　　As we can see from the chart, on the top of the list is the number of working people seldom doing physical exercises, which accounts for 60%. What follows are working people doing exercises once a month at a percentage of 25%. On the bottom is the number of people doing regular exercises, which takes up only 15%.

　　Although more and more working people are realizing the importance of physical exercises, they cannot spare their limited time to do some exercises because of the heavy burden of supporting their families on their shoulders. Apart from that, their daily lives at the office cannot provide them with the exercise their body needs. Lack of physical exercises is one of the main contributing factors to poor health among the working people. In order to stay healthy and concentrate on their work more efficiently, all people, especially working people should take some physical exercises. Society should encourage people to take exercises regularly. The problem of insufficient exercises among working people should be solved as soon as possible. (174 words)

　　(二)對立觀點型作文

　　1. 寫作模式：引出話題-擺出兩種觀點-我的觀點

　　2. 常用句型：

　　(1)點明主題的常用句型

　　The issue of whether… or not has been widely argued/ debated about.

　　…has become a hot topic among people

　　When it comes to …, people will have a heated discussion.

　　(2)具體介紹兩種對立觀點的常用句式

　　Some people suggest/ hold the opinion that… But / However/ Nevertheless/ other

　　people hold a different point of view.

　　Some people are inclined to think that…On the contrary, there are many people

　　who won't agree, and theyclaim…

　　(3)陳述自己觀點的常用句式

　　In my eyes/ view/ As to me/ To the best of my knowledge/ As far as I am

　　concerned…I'm in favor of…/ I am on the side of/ My favor goes to the former/ latter

　　opinion to some extent. The main reason is that… Furthermore…

　　There is probably some truth in both arguments, but I prefer …to…

　　In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we… we should take into

　　consideration all aspects of the problem and then make the right decision.

　　Considering one after another, I stand on the side of the latter opinion.

　　As to me, I prefer the former one.

　　請認真答題，答題結果將記入知識點測評的成績!【單選題】Choose the most suitable topic

　　sentence for the third

　　paragraph in the following passage.The following is a short essay entitled

　　Advertisements based on the following outline. You should choose the most

　　suitable topic sentence for the third paragraph.

　　1. 各種各樣的廣告隨處可見 2. 人們對廣告持不 同的觀點 3. 我認為……With the advent of material prosperity, advertisements have become more and

　　more important in our daily life. If you are observant enough, it's not

　　difficult for you to notice they appear everywhere. When you walk along the

　　streets, you can see large billboards with pretty girls smiling at you. You read

　　newspapers, and see half of the pages covered with ads. You turn on TV, and you

　　see commercial advertisements time and again. Whether you like it or not,

　　advertisements fill your life.We have to admit that advertisements can play a

　　useful role in our life. For one thing, they give the latest information about

　　products. Were there no advertising, consumers could not know about goods sold

　　in various shops. People can find what they need in the shortest time at the

　　lowest price. For another, more people are attracted by the advertisements to do

　　more shopping, which will boom the economic development. However, there are also

　　some opinions against advertising. Some people think that advertisements do not

　　give much information but only try to persuade you to buy. They create a demand

　　for goods that are not really needed. Besides, advertising adds to the cost of

　　goods. You can see and hear advertisements almost everywhere, which does great

　　harm to people's

　　health.________________________________________________________. We should see

　　the function of them, but we cannot overemphasize it. We can never put our

　　complete trust in what advertisements say. Before making a buying decision, we

　　have to think carefully to make a wise choice.A. As far as I am concerned, I

　　prefer banning advertisements.B. Weighing the pros and cons of advertising, I

　　think being for it is better than being against it.C. To the best of my

　　knowledge, we should have a proper attitude to advertisements.D. Which of the

　　two above-mentioned opinions is more correct?【答案】C

　　【解析】本題考查對立觀點型作文中引出個人觀點的句子。A，B 和 C 都可以作為引出個人

　　觀點的句式，但根據下文可以看出在本文中作者保持的是一種中立的態度，并沒有明確贊成

　　或反對廣告，故 A 和 B 都不合適。所以答案為 C。【知識點】對立觀點型作文

　　3. 例文：

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition

　　on the topic Do "Lucky Numbers" Really Bring Good Luck? You should write 150words or so and you should base your composition the outline below.

　　1. 有些人認為某些數字會帶來好運。

　　2. 有些人認為運氣與數字無關。

　　3. 我認為……

　　Sample writing:

　　Do "Lucky Numbers" Really Bring Good Luck?

　　When it comes to whether lucky numbers can bring good luck, people will have a heated discussion. It's very common to see that some people will spend a large

　　sum of money on numbers like "6" or "8" when buying phone numbers or plate

　　numbers for their cars without any reluctance.

　　Some people take it for granted that some lucky numbers can bring them good

　　luck. For instance, the so-called lucky number "8" is widely used now because it

　　is sounded like "getting rich" in Chinese and is believed to bring good fortune.

　　On the contrary, there are many people who won't agree, and they claim that

　　numbers have nothing to do with luck. They regard numbers simply as mathematic

　　symbols for counting. They are anything but a mystery. They laugh at those who

　　think numbers can bring good luck.

　　I'm in favor of the latter opinion. I think our society is very modern now. We

　　mustn't count on the so-called lucky numbers to fulfill our wishes. Whether we

　　can have good luck depends on ourselves. If we work hard, good luck will come to

　　us. (186 words)

　　(三)現象分析型作文

　　1. 原因分析型作文

　　(1)寫作模式：引出現象-分析引起現象的原因-我的觀點

　　(2)常用句型：

　　① 引出現象的句式：

　　With the rapid development of …, many formerly unimaginable things come into

　　reality. The phenomenon of … is an example.

　　With …, … has become an increasingly serious problem in society.

　　With the increase of population, housing shortage is becoming a more and more

　　serious problem in large cities.

　　② 引出原因的句式

　　There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most

　　typical ones.

　　There is probably a variety of reasons for the dramatic increase/decline in …

　　First… Second…Finally…

　　Why did …? For one thing…, for another… Perhaps the primary reason is …

　　The change is chiefly caused by the fact that…

　　The failure mainly comes from several factors that…

　　We can regard … as a result of…

　　A number of factors could account for /contribute to /lead to/ result in…

　　…, partly because …, partly because…

　　2. 后果分析型作文

　　(1)寫作模式：引出現象-分析該現象的后果或影響-解決方法或我的觀點(2)常用句型：

　　引出后果或影響的句式

　　There are a number of terrible consequences of … Perhaps the most serious one is ….

　　It will have/produce/bring about a far-reaching/profound effect/influence/impact on…

　　The effect / influence / consequence of … is not only limited to… but also

　　This leaves some serious consequences of…

　　It may cause /create/ bring/ result in/ lead to/ give rise to a set of problems.

　　3. 例文：

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic On Fake Commodities

　　You should write 150 words or so and you should base your composition the outline below.

　　1.假冒偽劣商品充斥于各個角落

　　2. 假冒偽劣商品的原因和危害

　　3.怎樣杜絕假冒偽劣商品

　　Sample writing:

　　On Fake Commodities

　　Today, there are many fake commodities sold in the market. Some can do great

　　harm to us. Why there are so many fake commodities?

　　There are always two reasons, I think. First, the factories spend less time and

　　less money in producing the fake commodities than the good ones. In this way,

　　they can make a greater profit. Second, the fake commodities are always cheaper

　　and many people like to buy them. As a result, the fake commodities became more

　　and more widely spread. It's very obvious that fake commodities are harmful. For

　　example, there is a man just catching a cold. If the man takes some fake

　　medicine, perhaps he will get worse, or even die. He is so poor just because he

　　has bought some fake commodities. The fake commodities do harm to the people, at

　　the same time, they do harm to society.

　　Many factories selling good commodities will go bankrupt in a short time, which

　　will cause many workers out of work.

　　There are many ways to eliminate fake commodities but the following ones may be

　　effective. First, the laws of the protection of consumers should be enforced to

　　severely punish those who produce or sell fake commodities. Second, consumers

　　should be taught how to tell good commodities from fake ones. Third, they should

　　be advised to protect their own interests and not to be led astray by false

　　advertisements. In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the

　　problem of fake commodities and launch a campaign against them. Only in this way

　　will fake commodities be possibly eliminated from the market in the future. (272

　　words)

　　(四)評論型作文

　　1. 寫作模式：引出需要評論的話(一定要直接或間接引用原話)-分析該引語的內涵-我的觀點(可以適當引用名人名言或諺語，很好照應開頭部分)2. 常用句型：

　　(1)引述的句式

　　As a proverb goes, "…"

　　An old saying goes like this, "…"

　　Lincoln once remarked, "…"

　　(2)分析引語的句式

　　From this saying, we can see / know / conclude that…

　　This saying / statement tells us / reveals / shows / points out that …

　　3. 例文

　　Directions: For this part. You are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay

　　entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark,

　　"Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend the first four

　　sharpening the axe." You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200

　　words.

　　Sample writing:

　　The Way to Success

　　Abraham Lincoln once observed, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I

　　will spend the first four sharpening the axe." As far as I'm concerned, this

　　remark can be interpreted as follows: If you want to successfully achieve a

　　certain goal, you must be well prepared for it at first. A good preparation

　　involves sufficient learning, good strategies and a healthy mentality.

　　To be well prepared, you must first equip yourself with the required knowledge

　　and skills. Only in this way can you move smoothly in all kinds of tough and

　　complex situations. In the process of preparation, you will formulate good

　　strategies which can contribute to reducing the potential mistakes, thus leading

　　to higher efficiency. Finally, you must learn to cultivate a healthy mentality.

　　You must be fully prepared for the possible setbacks you may encounter and

　　devote yourself wholeheartedly to whatever goal you pursue.

　　In a word, success comes to those who are well prepared for it. The way to get

　　prepared is also a way to improve yourself. By sparing no effort to "sharpen

　　your axe", you will successfully arrive at your destination. (189 words)

　　請認真答題，答題結果將記入知識點測評的成績!【單選題】Choose the most suitable opening

　　sentences for the

　　following passage.The following is a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds

　　Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is

　　the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times". Choose the most

　　suitable opening remarks for the essay.____________________________. There is

　　something provoking and interesting in this paradox, which sets us thinking

　　about how to achieve success.Modern society provides people with more

　　opportunities than before, and there are stories which tell us the possibility

　　of somebody getting successful overnight. Actually that is not the case. Before

　　these people become successful, a lot of hard work has been done. Take super

　　girl Zhang Liangying as an example, before she became famous, she used to spend

　　day and night practice her singing. With her strong will and painstakingefforts, she finally made it and now she is a world-famous singer. What we

　　usually see is the result, but what we ignore is a long process of struggling

　　forward and overcoming various obstacles. Take "quitting smoking" for example,

　　which is, to most people, a difficult task, so people always give up the idea

　　for they don't have the strong will.In a nutshell, strong will is an

　　indispensable part of success. Strong will is the best policy to make your

　　dreams come true. Concentrate on what you are engaged in, persist in there and

　　be patient, for "Where there is a will, there is a way".A. Some humorous

　　saying goes like this, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world.

　　I've done it hundreds of times". Quitting smoking seems easy, but in reality

　　it is rarely achieved.B. There is a humorous saying about quitting smoking,

　　which means quitting smoking is both easy and difficult.C. What do you think

　　about quitting smoking? Is it very difficult or very easy? If you are in the

　　former group, then you are right.D. Everybody wants to give up smoking, but

　　how? How can well quit smoking successfully?【答案】A

　　【解析】本題考查評論型作文的開頭寫法。評論型作文的開頭部分需要直接或間接引用原話，很好直接引用，只有 A 做到了這一點。B，C 和 D 都沒有引用需要評論的話，而且和下文不能起到很好的銜接關系，下句中的 this

　　paradox 顯然指的是需要評論的話語，故選擇 A。【知識點】評論型作文

　　(五)應用文

　　1. 信函類

　　(1)寫作模式：簡單表明寫信的目的-具體闡述寫信的意圖-自己的希望及信箋結尾套語

　　(2)常用句式：

　　① 申請信

　　I am writing to apply for the post of … advertised in …

　　Immediately I saw your advertisement in the paper for …, I felt it was just the

　　kind of post for which I have the qualifications and for which I have been

　　looking for some time.

　　I feel I have the necessary qualifications and experiences needed for the

　　position of… advertised in the paper.

　　I hope I may be granted an interview, when I can explain my qualification more

　　fully.

　　I would like to apply for admission to your college.

　　I should like to further my studies in …department of your university.

　　My major interests are…., and I understand your university has a good program in

　　those fields.

　　② 邀請信及答復

　　Thank you for your letter of …

　　It is a pleasure for me to invite you on behalf of ….to accept…

　　It is with the greatest pleasure that I write to cordially(誠摯地)invite you to

　　attend the meeting.

　　It is very kind of you to ask us for dinner this coming Saturday evening. But,

　　to our deep regret, we cannot accept it.

　　③ 批評、抱怨、投訴信I am writing to complain about….

　　I think it's high time you realized…

　　I must tell you that unless you do something about the situation I will be

　　forced to take legal action.

　　To be frank, I am not prepared to put up with the situation any more.

　　請認真答題，答題結果將記入知識點測評的成績!【單選題】Choose the most suitable ending

　　paragraph for the following letter.Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Xiao Wang, your former classmate is going to visit you during the week-long holiday in Beijing. Write according to

　　the suggestions given below. 1. 表示歡迎 2. 提出度假安排的建議 3. 提醒應注意的事項 Dear

　　Xiao Wang,Words

　　failed to express my excitement when I learned that you would spend the holiday

　　with me. It's been three years since we graduated from high school. I miss you

　　so much that I can't wait to see you. Now that it will be the first time you

　　have visited Beijing, I am sure your journey will be exciting, rewarding and

　　full of a lot of fun.I've made a rough plan for this holiday as follows. On the

　　first day you arrive here, I will show you around my new campus. Especially I

　　will take you to visit our newly-built modern library. During the following

　　three days, we are about to go sightseeing around Beijing. We can visit many

　　scenic spots and historical attractions, such as the Summer Palace, the

　　Forbidden city, the Great Wall etc. On the fifth day, we can visit Beijing Zoo,

　　since you are quite interested in wild animals. The next day, we can go

　　shopping. There are many splendid markets and shopping malls in Beijing. On the

　　last day, you can have a good rest before setting off. If there is any

　　inconvenience for you in this plan, please let me know

　　immediately._____________________________________________________________.

　　Yours,

　　Zhang Ying A. I'm writing to you to talk

　　about your one-week stay in Beijing.B. I am looking forward to your reply and

　　wish you a good journey.C. I'm looking forward your solving this problem in an

　　agreeable way.D. With deepest gratitude I write you here a few lines.【答案】B

　　【解析】本題考查信函類作文的結束段落的寫法。A 和 D 都是開頭段落的寫法，故首先應

　　排除;C 是投訴類書信的結束段落的寫法，故在本文中不合適。正確答案為 B。【知識點】

　　信函類作文

　　④ 感謝信

　　Thank you so much for ….

　　I warmly appreciate your hospitality.

　　I don't know to thank you for your kindness to me.

　　With deepest gratitude I write you here few lines.

　　I am writing to thank you, on behalf of my wife and on my own behalf, for the

　　lovely time we had at your party last night.

　　⑤ 道歉信

　　I am awfully sorry that I cannot …I am very sorry for my rudeness /thoughtlessness / bad manners.

　　I feel sorry for my failure to …

　　I am writing to express my sincere apology for my …

　　I regret to inform you that I am unable to …

　　I believe you can understand that I have not intended to hurt you.

　　I feel guilty for what I have done to you.

　　⑥ 其它類型信函開頭及結尾：

　　I am writing to you with reference to ….

　　Thanks so much for your letter, which arrived….

　　I would like to know some information on …

　　I would be grateful if you could /would ….

　　It will be appreciated if you can /could ….

　　I look forward to hearing from you.

　　I hope you can write back to me at your earliest convenience.

　　Best regards.

　　Best wishes for you.

　　3. 例文

　　假如你是 Jim

　　Lee，你最近對你所在班的 60 名同學(男女各半)進行了上網目的的調查。現在調查結果(如

　　下表所示)用英語給某報社的編輯寫一封信報告此事，以引起輿論的關注。

　　注意：

　　1.報告應包括圖表所示的內容;

　　2.敘述調查結果時要避免重復使用百分比;

　　3.敘述過程中要適當添加評語;

　　4.詞數：150 左右。

　　Sample writing:

　　Dear Editor,

　　I'm very honored to write this letter to you about a survey I have recently made

　　among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class about their purposes of getting on the

　　Internet. The girl's favorite is chatting, and the portion of those fond of

　　chatting is 35%. On the contrary, very few boys like chatting on the internet,

　　accounting for less than 5%. What the boys like doing most is playing games and

　　reading news is just next to that. Both boys and girls like reading news and

　　sending e-mails on the Internet. Maybe they think it's the most convenient way

　　to get the latest information. In order to keep themselves well informed about

　　the development of the world affairs, they have taken advantage of the internet.

　　What we should pay attention to is that only a very small part of the boy and

　　girl students, use Internet as a tool to study despite its great convenience and

　　promptness. As far as I am concerned, students should make good use of the

　　internet to serve them both in their life and study, especially in the latter

　　perspective. What do you think about it?

　　I'm really looking forward to getting your reply. Best regards for you.Yours sincerely,

　　Jim Lee

　　(215 words)

　　2. 演講類

　　Directions: Write A Campaign Speech in no less than 150 words based on the

　　outline below.

　　1

　　你認為自己具備是什么條件(能力，性格，愛好)可以勝任學生會主席工作，

　　2

　　如果當選你將會為本校同學做什么?

　　Sample Writing:

　　Dear brothers and sisters,

　　May I have your attention please? Today I am very honored to stand here to have

　　the chance of running for the president of the students' union. I am a junior in

　　the English Department. Since I came into the university, I have always been the

　　monitor of my class. I have done a very good job for my classmates, and my

　　classmates and my teachers all think highly of me. I am good at communication

　　and I have very strong organizing abilities. Most importantly, I'm very willing

　　to help others and can derive great pleasure from offering a helping hand to

　　others. Moreover, I have a variety of hobbies, for example, basketball,

　　football, pingpong, etc. I am sure that I am qualified for this position. If I

　　become the president, I will try my best to do well. I will organize some

　　suitable activities for you. You will never be disappointed in choosing me as

　　president since I will do many things for you to meet your demands. I will

　　greatly appreciate it if you will give me a chance, and I will never let you

　　down.

　　Thank you for your attention.

　　(197 words)

　　3. 通知類(一般了解)

　　通知的文體是考試中常見的一種文體也是對學生寫作能力的一個必要的要求。通知是一種安

　　排活動或布置工作時使用的文體，包括了口頭通知和書面通知。口頭通知是當面向有關人員

　　口授有關活動的信息，

　　而書面通知是以布告的形式把事情通知給有關人員。通知的要素是時間，地點，對象，事件

　　具體內容，注意事項等。通知的語言應該是簡潔明了，直截了當。還應該注意要有一定的邏

　　輯順序。

　　注意：

　　(1)口頭通知在開頭一般都會以如下形式出現：

　　Ladies and gentlemen

　　Boys and girls

　　May I have your attention, please?

　　I have something important to tell you.

　　結尾時會以以下句子結束：

　　That's all. Thank you.

　　(2)書面通知在正文之前的正中位置寫 Notice 字樣。在結尾要注明通知的發布人和發布日期。

　　例 1：廣播通知：

　　你校學生會將為來訪的美國朋友舉辦一個晚會，要在學校廣播中宣布此事，并歡迎大家參加。

　　為使美國朋友能聽懂，請你用英語寫一篇廣播通知。要點如下：

　　宗旨：歡迎來訪的美國朋友

　　組織者：學生會

　　時間：7 月 13 日(星期六)晚上 7:30

　　活動內容：音樂，跳舞，唱歌，游戲，交換小禮品(請包裝好，簽名并在包裝外面寫上幾個

　　祝愿詞)

　　May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. The Students'

　　Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, July 13, to welcome our

　　friends from the United States. The party will be held in the roof garden of the

　　Main Building. It will begin at 7:30 PM. There will be music, dancing, singing,

　　games and exchange of gifts. You may bring along a small gift for this purpose.

　　Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.

　　Don't forget: 7:30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building. It's sure to

　　be a lot of fun. Everybody is welcome.

　　例 2：下面是有關英語演講比賽的信息,請根據此用英語寫一則通知.

　　活動：英語演講比賽

　　目的：提高英語口語

　　組織者：學生會

　　參加范圍：高中學生

　　報名時間：5 月 25 日以前

　　報名地點：學生會辦公室

　　比賽時間：6 月 9 日 下午 4:00

　　比賽地點：教學樓五樓禮堂

　　評獎：前五名優勝者獲獎

　　Notice

　　We are going to have an English-speaking contest for senior students so as to

　　improve our oral English. It will be held in the auditorium on the 5th floor in

　　the teaching building 4:00pm, June 9th. Those who want to take part in the

　　contest are supposed to come to sign up at the office of the Students' Union

　　before May 25th.

　　All the senior students are welcome to join in the contest. The first five

　　winners will be given prizes. Please try our best and get ready in time.

　　Wish you success!

　　The Students' Union